Which type of operations typically involves permanently installed cranes and hoists, mainly indoors?

The correct choice is industrial operations, as they commonly utilize permanently installed cranes and hoists, especially in indoor settings. Industrial facilities, such as manufacturing plants, warehouses, and distribution centers, require heavy lifting to move materials, machinery, and products within the facility. These operations benefit from the efficiency and safety provided by fixed cranes and hoists that are designed for high-frequency use in compact areas.

In contrast, maintenance operations may involve temporary lifting solutions rather than permanent installations. Construction typically takes place outdoors and focuses on building structures, which often use mobile cranes due to the dynamic nature of construction sites. Residential operations usually involve smaller and more transient lifting needs, which do not require the extensive infrastructure of installed cranes and hoists.