What can cause deformation of a chain's link shapes?

The deformation of a chain's link shapes is primarily caused by overloading or sudden loading. This occurs when the load applied to the chain exceeds its rated capacity, leading to stress that can permanently alter the shape of the links. Sudden loading, such as a shock load from a sudden stop or jerk, can generate a force far greater than the static load, exacerbating the risk of deformation.

In terms of normal operation, chains are designed to handle specific loads within a certain safety margin. When they are subjected to loads beyond that margin—either from excessive weight or from rapid changes in load conditions—the material can yield, resulting in bending, elongation, or other forms of deformation. This compromise in integrity not only affects the performance of the chain but can also pose significant safety hazards if the chain fails entirely in service.

In contrast to this, scenarios consisting of underloading, slight loading, or even normal usage do not typically lead to deformation of the chain links. These conditions fall within the operational parameters where the chain maintains its shape and strength, allowing it to function as intended without structural compromise.